Naturopathic medicine for treating self-reported depression and anxiety : an observational pilot study of naturalistic practice

Overview: We conducted the first observational study of a case series of naturopathic consultations of adults who presented with self-reported depression or anxiety. Aims: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Australian naturopathy on the outcome of depressed mood and anxiety, assess which interventions are being prescribed, and to explore the patient’s experiences of being treated by a naturopath. Methods: Outcomes from consultations (from one or two follow-up visits over approximately four to six weeks), were assessed via a mixed methods approach. This involved an analysis of quantitative data from DASS-21, POMS-65, and GHQ-28 scales, and qualitative data via subjective feedback of patient’s treatment experience from purpose-designed semi-structured questionnaires. Clinician’s prescriptions were also categorised and quantified. Results: Eleven naturopaths provided data for analysis, consisting of 31 consultations from 15 patients. From the eight participants that had follow-up data, across Time from baseline to their final follow-up consultation, a significant reduction occurred for DASS depression, anxiety, and stress; and GHQ somatic symptoms, anxiety/insomnia and social dysfunction. Results were mirrored on the POMS. Nutrient supplementation was prescribed by 67% of practitioners, with 84% prescribing an herbal medicine. Dietary or exercise advice was recommended in 52%, and 32% of consultations, respectively. Meditation/ relaxation techniques were taught in 35% of consultations. Sleep hygiene advice was provided in 32% of cases, and counselling was offered 38% of the time. Summary: Preliminary evidence in this uncontrolled study revealed that naturopathic medicine may be beneficial in improving mood and reducing anxiety. However, insufficient study participation by naturopaths (leading to a small study sample) and the uncontrolled unblinded design, restrict the strength of this conclusion. A future study involving a larger sample, using rigorous methodology is now required to validate this pilot data.