Neuromuscular processes in the control of posture in children with developmental coordination disorder : current evidence and future research directions

Purpose of Review: The ability to control body position in space is fundamental to all daily activities. This review article summarizes the neurological and muscular deficits that are associated with poor postural control in children with developmental coordination disorder (DCD) and includes suggestions for future research work. Recent Findings: The atypical neuromuscular processes in the control of posture in children with DCD include abnormal structures and functions of the central nervous system, sensory organization disorders, abnormal recruitment of postural muscles, slow muscle contraction, and lower maximum muscle strength of the legs. Inattention can further compromise neuromuscular processes and postural control performance in these children. Summary: Atypical neuromuscular processes in static, reactive, and anticipatory postural control have been reported in children with DCD. These include atypical structures and functions of the central nervous system, sensory organization disorders, abnormal recruitment pattern of postural muscles, slow muscle contraction speed, and lower maximum muscle strength of the legs. Functional movement-power training is a recommended treatment strategy as it can address both the neuromuscular deficits (lower peak force and longer time to reach peak force in the knee muscles) and atypical standing balance responses of children with DCD. Future studies could explore the neuromuscular processes associated with adaptive postural control, an under-examined area, and effective rehabilitation interventions to improve functional balance control and the associated impairments in children with DCD.