Abstract
People have been investigating cortical connections to muscles since the 1800s by electrically stimulating the brain and watching the muscle contract. Electrical stimulation to the motor cortex is still used today. It can be applied directly to the cortex to evaluate corticospinal output during surgery or indirectly to the skull to stimulate the cortex below. However, the stimulus intensity required to overcome the resistance of the skull is high, and this is painful. This limitation was overcome and the field of brain stimulation was revolutionized when, in 1985, Barker and colleagues used a magnetic stimulator (transcranial magnetic stimulation; TMS) to induce an electrical charge in the cortex.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Title of host publication | Grieve's Modern Musculoskeletal Physiotherapy |
| Editors | Gwendolen A. Jull, Ann Moore, Deborah Falla, Jeremy Lewis, Christopher McCarthy, Michele Sterling |
| Place of Publication | U.K. |
| Publisher | Elsevier |
| Pages | 179-186 |
| Number of pages | 8 |
| Edition | 4th |
| ISBN (Print) | 9780702051524 |
| Publication status | Published - 2015 |
Keywords
- magnetic brain stimulation
- motor cortex
- musculoskeletal system
- brain