Noninvasive localization of petroleum-derived spray oil in plants with chemical shift selective magnetic resonance imaging

Binglin L. Tan, Narsimha Reddy, Vassilios Sarafis, George A. Beattie, Robert Spooner-Hart

    Research output: Contribution to journalArticle

    7 Citations (Scopus)

    Abstract

    Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were used to detect petroleum-derived spray oils (PDSOs) in citrus seedlings and trees. The NMR spectrum of the phantom containing 10% (v/v) of a nC24 agricultural mineral oil (AMO) showed the resonance of the water protons at δ ≈ 5 ppm, while the resonance of the oil protons at δ = 1.3 to 1.7 ppm. The peak resolution and the chemical shift difference of more than 3.3 ppm between water and oil protons effectively differentiated water and the oil. Chemical shift selective imaging (CSSI) was performed to localize the AMO within the stems of Citrus trifoliata L. seedlings after the application of a 4% (v/v) spray. The chemical shift selective images of the oil were acquired by excitation at δ = 1.5 ppm by averaging over 400 transients in each phase-encoding step. Oil was mainly detected in the outer cortex of stems within 10 d of spray application; some oil was also observed in the inner vascular bundle and pith of the stems at this point. CSSI was also applied to investigate the persistence of oil deposits in sprayed mature Washington navel orange (Citrus x aurantium L.) trees in an orchard. The trees were treated with either fourteen 0.25%, fourteen 0.5%, four 1.75%, or single 7% sprays of a nC23 horticultural mineral oil (HMO) 12 to 16 months before examination of plant tissues by CSSI, and were still showing symptoms of chronic phytotoxicity largely manifested as reduced yield. The oil deposits were detected in stems of sprayed flushes and unsprayed flushes produced 4 to 5 months after the last spray was applied, suggesting a potential movement of the oil via phloem and a correlation of the persistence of oil deposit in plants and the phytotoxicity. The results demonstrate that MRI is an effective method to probe the uptake and localization of PDSOs and other xenobiotics in vivo in plants noninvasively and nondestructively.

    Original languageEnglish
    Pages (from-to)720-725
    Number of pages6
    JournalHortscience
    Volume40
    Issue number3
    DOIs
    Publication statusPublished - 2005

    Keywords

    • citrus
    • diseases and pests
    • magnetic resonance imaging
    • mineral oils
    • nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy
    • oil as pesticide
    • Petroleum-derived spray oil
    • MRI
    • Chemical shift selective image
    • Localization
    • NMR spectroscopy

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