Numerical modelling of large deformations associated with driving of open-ended piles

This paper presents a 'Eulerian-like' finite element technique to simulate the large accumulated displacements of piles subjected to multiple hammer blows. For each hammer blow, results are obtained using a standard small strain finite element model and, at the end of each hammer blow, material flow is taken into account with reference to a fixed finite element mesh. Residual stresses calculated at the Gauss integration points of the deformed finite element mesh are mapped on to the fixed finite element mesh, and these stresses are used as initial stresses for the next hammer blow. At the end of each hammer blow, stiffness and mass matrices are recalculated for the volume of material remaining inside the fixed finite element mesh. Results obtained with and without allowing material to flow through the fixed mesh are compared for several hammer blows. Build up of residual stresses, soil flow and yielded points around the pile are presented for plugged, partially-plugged and unplugged piles. Using the new finite element technique, the driving of a pile from the soil surface is studied. The ability to analyze this and other large deformation problems is the main advantage of the new finite element technique. Copyright (C) 2000 John Wiley and Sons, Ltd.