Occupational therapy for people living with a life limiting illness : a thematic review

Introduction: Little is known about occupational therapy practice for people with a life-limiting illness. This paper aims to review the available occupational therapy literature in order to develop a greater understanding of the role and practice trends of occupational therapists working in this area. Methods: A systematic search of literature published from 1975–2013 was conducted. Three hundred and fifty-five pieces of literature were located and screened for inclusion using a three-stage process. All literature that met the inclusion criteria was then analysed thematically. Findings: An in-depth review of 52 articles, three position statements, two key occupational texts, and one clinical guideline identified three themes in the literature. These themes comprised: (i) reframing practice: defining a palliative approach in occupational therapy; (ii) continuing occupational engagement despite loss; and (iii) preparing for practice when your client is dying: educational requirements of occupational therapists. Conclusion: Occupational therapy has an important role to play in the care of people with a life-limiting illness. However, knowledge gaps remain concerning the scope of the role and how best to engage clients in meaningful occupations at the end of life. Further education is required at the undergraduate level and for clinicians working in this area.