Oral disease risk in Australian schoolchildren: real-world findings and policy implications

While socioeconomic factors affect school absenteeism, the role of untreated oral disease remains largely overlooked. Despite declining caries rates in Australia, disparities persist among children and adolescents. This study aimed to identify factors associated with oral disease risk among school-aged children using school-based assessments and caregiver-reported behaviors. A cross-sectional analysis of retrospectively collected data from 290 children aged 5–18 was conducted. Oral health assessments recorded caries, restorations, and calculus, while caregiver questionnaires captured demographics, dental history, snacking habits, and oral care practices. Data were analyzed using SPSS with descriptive statistics, Chi-Square tests, and logistic regression to identify significant associations. Thirty-six percent of students had restorations and/or untreated caries. Older children (13–18 years) were over three times more likely to have caries (OR = 3.35). A history of dental problems (OR = 3.49, p < 0.001) and parental concern (OR = 1.36, p = 0.024) were associated with increased risk. Frequent water intake was protective (OR = 0.83, p = 0.001), while sugar-sweetened beverages increased caries risk (p = 0.015). Surprisingly, frequent sweet snack consumption was linked to fewer restorations (OR = 0.54). Findings support the value of school-based programs addressing modifiable oral health risks.