Preparation and characterization of nanorefrigerants

Modern society is greatly influenced by the refrigeration and air conditioning industries, which offer crucial cooling and heating solutions for a wide range of uses, from the preservation of food and pharmaceuticals to the creation of pleasant indoor settings. There has been constant innovation in this field as a result of the expedition for more effective, sustainable, and financially feasible refrigeration systems. Thus, this chapter discusses the preparation and characterization techniques of nanorefrigerants. The nanorefrigerants are synthesized either one-step method or two-step method; however, two-step method is the widely used nanorefrigerant method due to its simplicity and economic viability. Further, the stability of nanorefrigerants is great concern which depends on the shape, size, concentration, surfactant used, sonication time, etc. These parameters are analyzed through different characterization techniques like ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, etc. There are various methods to assess nanorefrigerants stability including visual inspection, transmittance, and absorbance measurements. Visual inspection offers initial insights, whereas transmittance and absorbance measurements provide precise data.