Prevention, reduction and control of marine pollution from land-based sources and activities

The emphasis of this chapter is on analysing the global framework for the prevention, reduction and control of LBSMP. The chapter commences by examining the initial legal control of LBSMP through customary international law. The chapter then examines treaty regimes in the law of the sea and sea dumping. The chapter then moves on to examining the problems, challenges and prospects of reducing and controlling LBSMP for the protection of the marine environment by analysing key sustainability instruments. The chapter then examines and analyses international soft law instruments specific to LBSMP. The chapter then moves to examine regional initiatives in the control of LBSMP. Finally, the chapter critically evaluates the congruencies and discrepancies between international environmental management principles and the international legal framework in controlling LBSMP. The reasons for the inadequacies of the current regimes are also explored in the chapter.