Pulsatile flow in elastic tubes: a literature review of experimental techniques, flow behavior, and biomedical applications

Pulsatile flow, characterized by oscillating velocity and pressure profiles, is a fundamental phenomenon observed in both biological and engineering systems, particularly in cardiovascular health and fluid transport through flexible tubes. The objective of this review is to focus on the experimental methods used to analyze pulsatile flow dynamics in elastic tubes, by describing wave propagation, pulse attenuation, and the influence of tube wall elasticity on flow behavior. Several materials, including latex, silicone, and polyurethane, are evaluated for their ability to replicate the mechanical properties of arteries. Main experimental techniques, including particle image velocimetry, laser Doppler velocimetry, and high-speed imaging, are discussed for their vital role in capturing flow characteristics and understanding fluid-wall interactions. The results highlight the influence of material properties on wave propagation, attenuation, and the complex dynamics of fluid flow in elastic tube systems. Furthermore, the experimental challenges, calibration, and limitations of current methodologies are discussed. This review offers valuable insights into the experimental analysis of pulsatile flow and provides guidance for future research to enhance both experimental designs and computational models.