Redesigning an en-route aeronautical chart

Changing a system with which users are already familiar presents special design challenges. Although one might argue that an optimal design obviates the need for retraining, extensive previous experience is a powerful influence on subsequent performance, and a balance needs to be reached if one is to ensure that performance among all users is enhanced. The specific strategies and principles that might be used to guide this process in the case of aeronautical chart design need to be evaluated in a replication and extension of the present research.