Rethinking stomatal temperature responses through a hydraulic lens

Stomata act as the primary regulators of plant gas exchange, explicitly mediating the trade-off between CO2 assimilation and transpirational water loss. This balance depends on how stomata integrate multiple environmental signals, a long-standing question in plant physiology. Under climate warming, this issue becomes more pressing because rising temperature simultaneously affects carbon fixation and water loss. In practice, however, temperature rarely varies independently.