Review of the use of waste resources in sustainable concrete : aggregate types, recycling procedures, fresh and hardened properties, structural characteristics, and numerical formulation

Civil engineering is strongly associated with the construction of various structures as one of the main human needs. However, construction materials production could damage human and animal health and threaten the environment due to using natural resources. Therefore, using recycling and waste materials derived from old building devastation plays a crucial role in less natural resource consumption and reducing waste materials dumping. For this aim, many studies have been done on using waste and natural materials instead of natural coarse and fine aggregates. This article includes a review of the literature on the production and use of waste resources instead of natural aggregates to produce egocentric concrete in concrete. Due to its larger water absorption and minor density, the waste particles may result in a little drop in the slump and compressive resistance. The author investigated methods for removing mortar that has adhered to aggregates to increase the material quality. Also, it was shown the practicality of using structural components constructed of recycled aggregate concrete in full-scale projects or laboratory tests. Finally, this study could help engineers, agencies, and standards to have a comprehensive view of the using waste and recycled aggregates to produce concrete structures and elements.