Seed biopriming for sustainable agriculture and ecosystem restoration

The utilization of microbial inoculants in the realm of sustainable agricultural and ecosystem restoration has witnessed a surge in recent decades. This rise is largely attributed to advancements in our understanding of plant-microbe interactions, the urgency to reduce the dependence on agrochemicals and the growing societal demand for sustainable strategies in ecosystem management. However, despite the rapid growth of bio-inoculants sector, certain limitations persist concerning their efficacy and performance under the field condition. Here, we propose that seed biopriming, an effective microbial inoculant technique integrating both biological agents (the priming of beneficial microbes on seeds) and physiological aspects (hydration of seeds for improved metabolically activity), has a significant potential to mitigate these limitations. This method increases the protection of seeds against soil-borne pathogens and soil pollutants, such as salts and heavy metals, while promoting germination rate and uniformity, leading to overall improved primary productivity and soil health. Furthermore, we argue that a microbial coating on seeds can facilitate transgenerational associations of beneficial microbes, refine plant and soil microbiomes, and maintain soil legacies of beneficial microflora. This review article aims to improve our understanding of the seed biopriming approach as a potent and valuable tool in achieving sustainable agriculture and successful ecosystem restoration.