Simplified modelling approaches for DCM column-supported embankments

Deep cement mixed (DCM) column-supported embankments are widely used to support embankments over soft ground. The main challenge faced by engineers when designing these embankments is to predict the deformations realistically. Although three-dimensional models are realistic, it is not efficient to carry out a large number of three-dimensional finite element analyses at the design stage to investigate the efficiency of different embankment configurations. Therefore, in practice, engineers opt for simplified modelling approaches to predict the embankment deformations. The research presented in this paper examines four different simplified models commonly used by design engineers in practice: (i) two-dimensional plane-strain with equivalent areas (EA), (ii) two-dimensional plane-strain with equivalent properties, (iii) axisymmetric unit cell and (iv) three-dimensional unit cell. Results confirm that out of the four simplified models considered, only the plane-strain EA model has the ability to capture the deformations realistically when there is a likelihood of column failure.