Surface and sublevel hate

Luke Munn

doi:10.1177/20539517221148136

Surface and sublevel hate

Luke Munn

Western Sydney University

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

12 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

On the face of it, contemporary "alt-tech" platforms appear more moderate than legacy hate havens. Yet it's also clear that virulent hate in the form of misogyny, white supremacy, and xenophobia has not disappeared. Probing this tension, this article conceptualizes two forms of hate: Surface "Hate" (moderate content that is highly visible and easily accessible) and Sublevel Hate (explicit content that is more marginal and less discernible). These terms are illustrated by examining several viral videos on Rumble. This twinned mechanism explains how alt-tech platforms can be both accessible and extreme at the same time. Stratified hate is strategic, heightening the appeal and durability of online communities. Recognizing this dangerous dynamic is key for interventions seeking to counter it.

Original language	English
Article number	20539517221148136
Number of pages	5
Journal	Big Data and Society
Volume	10
Issue number	1
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1177/20539517221148136
Publication status	Published - 1 Jan 2023

Bibliographical note

Publisher Copyright:
© The Author(s) 2023.

Open Access - Access Right Statement

Creative Commons NonCommercial-NoDerivs CC BY-NC-ND: This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) which permits non-commercial use, reproduction and distribution of the work as published without adaptation or alteration, without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access page (https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage). Commentary Big Data & Society January–June: 1–5 Â© The Author(s) 2023 Article reuse guidelines: sagepub.com/journals-permissions DOI: 10.1177/20539517221148136 journals.sagepub.com/home/bds

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This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

SDG 5 Gender Equality

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10.1177/20539517221148136

Cite this

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Surface and sublevel hate

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Open Access - Access Right Statement

UN SDGs

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