The Σ-D relation for planetary nebulae

D. Urošević, B. Vukotić, B. Arbutina, D. Ilić, M. Filipović, I. Bojičić, S. Šegan, S. Vidojević

    Research output: Contribution to journalArticle

    Abstract

    We present an extended analysis of the relation between radio surface brightness and diameter - the so-called Σ-D relation for planetary nebulae (PNe). We revise our previous derivation of the theoretical Σ-D relation for the evolution of bremsstrahlung surface brightness in order to include the influence of the fast wind from the central star. Different theoretical forms are derived: Σ∝D-1 for the first and second phases of evolution and Σ∝D-3 for the final stage of evolution. Also, we analyzed several different Galactic PN samples. All samples are influenced by severe selection effects, but the Malmquist bias seems to be less influential here than in the supernova remnant (SNR) samples. We derived empirical Σ-D relations for 27 sample sets using 6 updated PN papers from which an additional 21 new sets were extracted. Twenty four of these have a trivial form of ß≈2 . However, we obtain one empirical Σ-D relation that may be useful for determining distances to PNe. This relation is obtained by extracting a recent nearby (<1 kpc) Galactic PN sample.
    Original languageEnglish
    Pages (from-to)537-546
    Number of pages10
    JournalAstronomy and Astrophysics
    Volume495
    Issue number2
    DOIs
    Publication statusPublished - 2009

    Keywords

    • planetary nebulae
    • radio astronomy
    • radio continuum
    • supernova remnants

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