The applicability of inorganic PCM as an embedded fire insulation system in concrete

Whilst the versatility of concrete as a structural material is unequivocal, the literature suggests that the mechanical properties of concrete often hinder its performance at elevated temperatures. The inefficiency and uneconomical nature of the existing insulation systems urge the need for a sustainable and affordable fire insulation solution. Hence, the study presented herein experimentally evaluates the possibility of using phase change materials (PCM) as an embedded insulation solution for concrete systems. Here, the inherent latent heat storage properties of PCM were used as an embedded insulation system in concrete. Experimental studies were conducted using an inorganic PCM which was directly incorporated into concrete. The PCM was added into normal N30 concrete in 5%,10%, and 15% ratios to volume. Tests on compressive strength, split tensile strength, thermal conductivity, heat transfer, and SEM analysis were conducted. The results indicated a 25% increase in workability at 15% incorporation of PCM and the compressive strength at 28 days was reduced only by 4% which is negligible. The minimal changes in the microstructure of concrete observed were consistent with the mechanical properties observed. Furthermore, there was a 10% lag in heat transfer and a 7% decrement in temperature compared to normal concrete samples. In conclusion, the embedment of PCM in concrete poses as a viable fire insulation improving the efficiency and sustainability in concrete constructions when compared to traditional insulation solutions.