The burden of mental disorders in the Eastern Mediterranean region, 1990-2015 : findings from the Global Burden of Disease 2015 Study

Ali H. Mokdad; Raghid Charara; Charbel El Bcheraoui; Ibrahim Khalil; Maziar Moradi-Lakeh; Nicholas J. Kassebaum; Michael Collison; Kristopher J. Krohn; Adrienne Chew; Farah Daoud; Fiona J. Charlson; Danny Colombara; Louisa Degenhardt; Rebecca Ehrenkranz; Holly E. Erskine; Alize J. Ferrari; Michael Kutz; Janni Leung; Damian Santomauro; Haidong Wang; Harvey A. Whiteford; Amanuel Alemu Abajobir; Foad Abd-Allah; Haftom Niguse Abraha; Laith J. Abu-Raddad; Aliasghar Ahmad Kiadaliri; Alireza Ahmadi; Kedir Yimam; Muktar Beshir; Faris Hasan Al Lami; Khurshid Alam; Deena Alasfoor; Reza Alizadeh-Navaei; Juma M. Alkaabi; Fatma Al-Maskari; Rajaa Al-Raddadi; Khalid A. Altirkawi; Nahla Anber; Hossein Ansari; Hamid Asayesh; Rana Jawad Asghar; Tesfay Mehari Atey; Tadesse Awoke Awokeayele; Till Barnighausen; Umar Bacha; Aleksandra Barac; Suzanne L. Barker-Collo; Bernhard T. Baune; Shahrzad Bazargan-Hejazi; Neeraj Bedi; Isabela M. Bensenor; Adugnaw Berhane; Addisu Shunu Beyene; Zulfiqar A. Bhutta; Dube Jara Boneya; Rohan Borschmann; Nicholas J. K. Breitborde; Zahid A. Butt; Ferra Catala-Lopez; Liliana G. Ciobanu; Hadi Danawi; Amare Deribew; Samath D. Dharmaratne; Kerrie E. (Aunty) Doyle; Aman Yesuf Endries; Emerito Jose Aquino Faraon; Andre Faro; Maryam S. Farvid; Wubalem Fekadu; Seyed-Mohammad Fereshtehnejad; Florian Fischer; Tsegaye Tewelde Gebrehiwot; Ababi Zergaw Giref; Melkamu Dedefo Gishu; Alessandra Carvalho Goulart; Tesfa Dejenie Habtewold; Randah Ribhi Hamadeh; Mitiku Teshome Hambisa; Samer Hamidi; Josep Maria Haro; Mohammad Sadegh Hassanvand; Nobuyuki Horita; Mohamed Hsairi; Hsiang Huang; Abdullatif Husseini; Mihajlo B. Jakovljevic; Spencer Lewis James; Jost B. Jonas; Amir Kasaeian; Yousef Saleh Khader; Ejaz Ahmad Khan; Abdullah Tawfih Abdullah Khoja; Ardeshir Khosravi; Jagdish Khubchandani; Daniel Kim; Yun Jin Kim; Yoshihiro Kokubo; Ai Koyanagi; Barthelemy Kuate Defo; Heidi J. Larson; Asma Abdul Latif; Paul H. Lee; Cheru Tesema Leshargie; Ricky Leung; Loon-Tzian Lo; Raimundas Lunevicius; Hassan Magdy Abd El Razek; Mohammed Magdy Abd El Razek; Reza Majdzadeh; Azeem Majeed; Reza Malekzadeh; Jose Martinez-Raga; Habibolah Masoudi Farid; Mohsen Mazidi; John J. McGrath; Ziad A. Memish; Walter Mendoza; Melkamu Merid Mengesha; Mubarek Abera Mengistie; Haftay Berhane Mezgebe; Ted R. Miller; Philip B. Mitchell; Alireza Mohammadi; Shafiu Mohammed; Carla Makhlouf; Felix Akpojene Ogbo; null et al

doi:10.1007/s00038-017-1006-1

The burden of mental disorders in the Eastern Mediterranean region, 1990-2015 : findings from the Global Burden of Disease 2015 Study

Ali H. Mokdad, Raghid Charara, Charbel El Bcheraoui, Ibrahim Khalil, Maziar Moradi-Lakeh, Nicholas J. Kassebaum, Michael Collison, Kristopher J. Krohn, Adrienne Chew, Farah Daoud, Fiona J. Charlson, Danny Colombara, Louisa Degenhardt, Rebecca Ehrenkranz, Holly E. Erskine, Alize J. Ferrari, Michael Kutz, Janni Leung, Damian Santomauro, Haidong WangHarvey A. Whiteford, Amanuel Alemu Abajobir, Foad Abd-Allah, Haftom Niguse Abraha, Laith J. Abu-Raddad, Aliasghar Ahmad Kiadaliri, Alireza Ahmadi, Kedir Yimam, Muktar Beshir, Faris Hasan Al Lami, Khurshid Alam, Deena Alasfoor, Reza Alizadeh-Navaei, Juma M. Alkaabi, Fatma Al-Maskari, Rajaa Al-Raddadi, Khalid A. Altirkawi, Nahla Anber, Hossein Ansari, Hamid Asayesh, Rana Jawad Asghar, Tesfay Mehari Atey, Tadesse Awoke Awokeayele, Till Barnighausen, Umar Bacha, Aleksandra Barac, Suzanne L. Barker-Collo, Bernhard T. Baune, Shahrzad Bazargan-Hejazi, Neeraj Bedi, Isabela M. Bensenor, Adugnaw Berhane, Addisu Shunu Beyene, Zulfiqar A. Bhutta, Dube Jara Boneya, Rohan Borschmann, Nicholas J. K. Breitborde, Zahid A. Butt, Ferra Catala-Lopez, Liliana G. Ciobanu, Hadi Danawi, Amare Deribew, Samath D. Dharmaratne, Kerrie E. (Aunty) Doyle, Aman Yesuf Endries, Emerito Jose Aquino Faraon, Andre Faro, Maryam S. Farvid, Wubalem Fekadu, Seyed-Mohammad Fereshtehnejad, Florian Fischer, Tsegaye Tewelde Gebrehiwot, Ababi Zergaw Giref, Melkamu Dedefo Gishu, Alessandra Carvalho Goulart, Tesfa Dejenie Habtewold, Randah Ribhi Hamadeh, Mitiku Teshome Hambisa, Samer Hamidi, Josep Maria Haro, Mohammad Sadegh Hassanvand, Nobuyuki Horita, Mohamed Hsairi, Hsiang Huang, Abdullatif Husseini, Mihajlo B. Jakovljevic, Spencer Lewis James, Jost B. Jonas, Amir Kasaeian, Yousef Saleh Khader, Ejaz Ahmad Khan, Abdullah Tawfih Abdullah Khoja, Ardeshir Khosravi, Jagdish Khubchandani, Daniel Kim, Yun Jin Kim, Yoshihiro Kokubo, Ai Koyanagi, Barthelemy Kuate Defo, Heidi J. Larson, Asma Abdul Latif, Paul H. Lee, Cheru Tesema Leshargie, Ricky Leung, Loon-Tzian Lo, Raimundas Lunevicius, Hassan Magdy Abd El Razek, Mohammed Magdy Abd El Razek, Reza Majdzadeh, Azeem Majeed, Reza Malekzadeh, Jose Martinez-Raga, Habibolah Masoudi Farid, Mohsen Mazidi, John J. McGrath, Ziad A. Memish, Walter Mendoza, Melkamu Merid Mengesha, Mubarek Abera Mengistie, Haftay Berhane Mezgebe, Ted R. Miller, Philip B. Mitchell, Alireza Mohammadi, Shafiu Mohammed, Carla Makhlouf, Felix Akpojene Ogbo, et al

Western Sydney University

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

63 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Objectives: Mental disorders are among the leading causes of nonfatal burden of disease globally. Methods: We used the global burden of diseases, injuries, and risk factors study 2015 to examine the burden of mental disorders in the Eastern Mediterranean region (EMR). We defined mental disorders according to criteria proposed in the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders IV and the 10th International Classification of Diseases. Results: Mental disorders contributed to 4.7% (95% uncertainty interval (UI) 3.7-5.6%) of total disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), ranking as the ninth leading cause of disease burden. Depressive disorders and anxiety disorders were the third and ninth leading causes of nonfatal burden, respectively. Almost all countries in the EMR had higher age-standardized mental disorder DALYs rates compared to the global level, and in half of the EMR countries, observed mental disorder rates exceeded the expected values. Conclusions: The burden of mental disorders in the EMR is higher than global levels, particularly for women. To properly address this burden, EMR governments should implement nationwide quality epidemiological surveillance of mental disorders and provide adequate prevention and treatment services.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	25-37
Number of pages	13
Journal	International Journal of Public Health
Volume	63
Issue number	Supplement 1
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1007/s00038-017-1006-1
Publication status	Published - 2018

Open Access - Access Right Statement

© The Author(s) 2017. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.

Keywords

Middle East
anxiety disorders
depression_mental
health surveys
mental health

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10.1007/s00038-017-1006-1

Cite this

Mokdad, A. H., Charara, R., El Bcheraoui, C., Khalil, I., Moradi-Lakeh, M., Kassebaum, N. J., Collison, M., Krohn, K. J., Chew, A., Daoud, F., Charlson, F. J., Colombara, D., Degenhardt, L., Ehrenkranz, R., Erskine, H. E., Ferrari, A. J., Kutz, M., Leung, J., Santomauro, D., ... et al (2018). The burden of mental disorders in the Eastern Mediterranean region, 1990-2015 : findings from the Global Burden of Disease 2015 Study. International Journal of Public Health, 63(Supplement 1), 25-37. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00038-017-1006-1

@article{02d88e4b5f734b2a93dd94a0070fb6b0,

title = "The burden of mental disorders in the Eastern Mediterranean region, 1990-2015 : findings from the Global Burden of Disease 2015 Study",

abstract = "Objectives: Mental disorders are among the leading causes of nonfatal burden of disease globally. Methods: We used the global burden of diseases, injuries, and risk factors study 2015 to examine the burden of mental disorders in the Eastern Mediterranean region (EMR). We defined mental disorders according to criteria proposed in the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders IV and the 10th International Classification of Diseases. Results: Mental disorders contributed to 4.7% (95% uncertainty interval (UI) 3.7-5.6%) of total disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), ranking as the ninth leading cause of disease burden. Depressive disorders and anxiety disorders were the third and ninth leading causes of nonfatal burden, respectively. Almost all countries in the EMR had higher age-standardized mental disorder DALYs rates compared to the global level, and in half of the EMR countries, observed mental disorder rates exceeded the expected values. Conclusions: The burden of mental disorders in the EMR is higher than global levels, particularly for women. To properly address this burden, EMR governments should implement nationwide quality epidemiological surveillance of mental disorders and provide adequate prevention and treatment services.",

keywords = "Middle East, anxiety disorders, depression_mental, health surveys, mental health",

author = "Mokdad, {Ali H.} and Raghid Charara and {El Bcheraoui}, Charbel and Ibrahim Khalil and Maziar Moradi-Lakeh and Kassebaum, {Nicholas J.} and Michael Collison and Krohn, {Kristopher J.} and Adrienne Chew and Farah Daoud and Charlson, {Fiona J.} and Danny Colombara and Louisa Degenhardt and Rebecca Ehrenkranz and Erskine, {Holly E.} and Ferrari, {Alize J.} and Michael Kutz and Janni Leung and Damian Santomauro and Haidong Wang and Whiteford, {Harvey A.} and Abajobir, {Amanuel Alemu} and Foad Abd-Allah and Abraha, {Haftom Niguse} and Abu-Raddad, {Laith J.} and Kiadaliri, {Aliasghar Ahmad} and Alireza Ahmadi and Kedir Yimam and Muktar Beshir and {Al Lami}, {Faris Hasan} and Khurshid Alam and Deena Alasfoor and Reza Alizadeh-Navaei and Alkaabi, {Juma M.} and Fatma Al-Maskari and Rajaa Al-Raddadi and Altirkawi, {Khalid A.} and Nahla Anber and Hossein Ansari and Hamid Asayesh and Asghar, {Rana Jawad} and Atey, {Tesfay Mehari} and Awokeayele, {Tadesse Awoke} and Till Barnighausen and Umar Bacha and Aleksandra Barac and Barker-Collo, {Suzanne L.} and Baune, {Bernhard T.} and Shahrzad Bazargan-Hejazi and Neeraj Bedi and Bensenor, {Isabela M.} and Adugnaw Berhane and Beyene, {Addisu Shunu} and Bhutta, {Zulfiqar A.} and Boneya, {Dube Jara} and Rohan Borschmann and Breitborde, {Nicholas J. K.} and Butt, {Zahid A.} and Ferra Catala-Lopez and Ciobanu, {Liliana G.} and Hadi Danawi and Amare Deribew and Dharmaratne, {Samath D.} and Doyle, {Kerrie E. (Aunty)} and Endries, {Aman Yesuf} and Faraon, {Emerito Jose Aquino} and Andre Faro and Farvid, {Maryam S.} and Wubalem Fekadu and Seyed-Mohammad Fereshtehnejad and Florian Fischer and Gebrehiwot, {Tsegaye Tewelde} and Giref, {Ababi Zergaw} and Gishu, {Melkamu Dedefo} and Goulart, {Alessandra Carvalho} and Habtewold, {Tesfa Dejenie} and Hamadeh, {Randah Ribhi} and Hambisa, {Mitiku Teshome} and Samer Hamidi and Haro, {Josep Maria} and Hassanvand, {Mohammad Sadegh} and Nobuyuki Horita and Mohamed Hsairi and Hsiang Huang and Abdullatif Husseini and Jakovljevic, {Mihajlo B.} and James, {Spencer Lewis} and Jonas, {Jost B.} and Amir Kasaeian and Khader, {Yousef Saleh} and Khan, {Ejaz Ahmad} and Khoja, {Abdullah Tawfih Abdullah} and Ardeshir Khosravi and Jagdish Khubchandani and Daniel Kim and Kim, {Yun Jin} and Yoshihiro Kokubo and Ai Koyanagi and Defo, {Barthelemy Kuate} and Larson, {Heidi J.} and Latif, {Asma Abdul} and Lee, {Paul H.} and Leshargie, {Cheru Tesema} and Ricky Leung and Loon-Tzian Lo and Raimundas Lunevicius and {Magdy Abd El Razek}, Hassan and {Magdy Abd El Razek}, Mohammed and Reza Majdzadeh and Azeem Majeed and Reza Malekzadeh and Jose Martinez-Raga and {Masoudi Farid}, Habibolah and Mohsen Mazidi and McGrath, {John J.} and Memish, {Ziad A.} and Walter Mendoza and Mengesha, {Melkamu Merid} and Mengistie, {Mubarek Abera} and Mezgebe, {Haftay Berhane} and Miller, {Ted R.} and Mitchell, {Philip B.} and Alireza Mohammadi and Shafiu Mohammed and Carla Makhlouf and Ogbo, {Felix Akpojene} and {et al}",

year = "2018",

doi = "10.1007/s00038-017-1006-1",

language = "English",

volume = "63",

pages = "25--37",

journal = "International Journal of Public Health",

issn = "1661-8564",

publisher = "Frontiers Research Foundation",

number = "Supplement 1",

}

Mokdad, AH, Charara, R, El Bcheraoui, C, Khalil, I, Moradi-Lakeh, M, Kassebaum, NJ, Collison, M, Krohn, KJ, Chew, A, Daoud, F, Charlson, FJ, Colombara, D, Degenhardt, L, Ehrenkranz, R, Erskine, HE, Ferrari, AJ, Kutz, M, Leung, J, Santomauro, D, Wang, H, Whiteford, HA, Abajobir, AA, Abd-Allah, F, Abraha, HN, Abu-Raddad, LJ, Kiadaliri, AA, Ahmadi, A, Yimam, K, Beshir, M, Al Lami, FH, Alam, K, Alasfoor, D, Alizadeh-Navaei, R, Alkaabi, JM, Al-Maskari, F, Al-Raddadi, R, Altirkawi, KA, Anber, N, Ansari, H, Asayesh, H, Asghar, RJ, Atey, TM, Awokeayele, TA, Barnighausen, T, Bacha, U, Barac, A, Barker-Collo, SL, Baune, BT, Bazargan-Hejazi, S, Bedi, N, Bensenor, IM, Berhane, A, Beyene, AS, Bhutta, ZA, Boneya, DJ, Borschmann, R, Breitborde, NJK, Butt, ZA, Catala-Lopez, F, Ciobanu, LG, Danawi, H, Deribew, A, Dharmaratne, SD, Doyle, KE, Endries, AY, Faraon, EJA, Faro, A, Farvid, MS, Fekadu, W, Fereshtehnejad, S-M, Fischer, F, Gebrehiwot, TT, Giref, AZ, Gishu, MD, Goulart, AC, Habtewold, TD, Hamadeh, RR, Hambisa, MT, Hamidi, S, Haro, JM, Hassanvand, MS, Horita, N, Hsairi, M, Huang, H, Husseini, A, Jakovljevic, MB, James, SL, Jonas, JB, Kasaeian, A, Khader, YS, Khan, EA, Khoja, ATA, Khosravi, A, Khubchandani, J, Kim, D, Kim, YJ, Kokubo, Y, Koyanagi, A, Defo, BK, Larson, HJ, Latif, AA, Lee, PH, Leshargie, CT, Leung, R, Lo, L-T, Lunevicius, R, Magdy Abd El Razek, H, Magdy Abd El Razek, M, Majdzadeh, R, Majeed, A, Malekzadeh, R, Martinez-Raga, J, Masoudi Farid, H, Mazidi, M, McGrath, JJ, Memish, ZA, Mendoza, W, Mengesha, MM, Mengistie, MA, Mezgebe, HB, Miller, TR, Mitchell, PB, Mohammadi, A, Mohammed, S, Makhlouf, C, Ogbo, FA & et al 2018, 'The burden of mental disorders in the Eastern Mediterranean region, 1990-2015 : findings from the Global Burden of Disease 2015 Study', International Journal of Public Health, vol. 63, no. Supplement 1, pp. 25-37. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00038-017-1006-1

TY - JOUR

T1 - The burden of mental disorders in the Eastern Mediterranean region, 1990-2015 : findings from the Global Burden of Disease 2015 Study

AU - Mokdad, Ali H.

AU - Charara, Raghid

AU - El Bcheraoui, Charbel

AU - Khalil, Ibrahim

AU - Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar

AU - Kassebaum, Nicholas J.

AU - Collison, Michael

AU - Krohn, Kristopher J.

AU - Chew, Adrienne

AU - Daoud, Farah

AU - Charlson, Fiona J.

AU - Colombara, Danny

AU - Degenhardt, Louisa

AU - Ehrenkranz, Rebecca

AU - Erskine, Holly E.

AU - Ferrari, Alize J.

AU - Kutz, Michael

AU - Leung, Janni

AU - Santomauro, Damian

AU - Wang, Haidong

AU - Whiteford, Harvey A.

AU - Abajobir, Amanuel Alemu

AU - Abd-Allah, Foad

AU - Abraha, Haftom Niguse

AU - Abu-Raddad, Laith J.

AU - Kiadaliri, Aliasghar Ahmad

AU - Ahmadi, Alireza

AU - Yimam, Kedir

AU - Beshir, Muktar

AU - Al Lami, Faris Hasan

AU - Alam, Khurshid

AU - Alasfoor, Deena

AU - Alizadeh-Navaei, Reza

AU - Alkaabi, Juma M.

AU - Al-Maskari, Fatma

AU - Al-Raddadi, Rajaa

AU - Altirkawi, Khalid A.

AU - Anber, Nahla

AU - Ansari, Hossein

AU - Asayesh, Hamid

AU - Asghar, Rana Jawad

AU - Atey, Tesfay Mehari

AU - Awokeayele, Tadesse Awoke

AU - Barnighausen, Till

AU - Bacha, Umar

AU - Barac, Aleksandra

AU - Barker-Collo, Suzanne L.

AU - Baune, Bernhard T.

AU - Bazargan-Hejazi, Shahrzad

AU - Bedi, Neeraj

AU - Bensenor, Isabela M.

AU - Berhane, Adugnaw

AU - Beyene, Addisu Shunu

AU - Bhutta, Zulfiqar A.

AU - Boneya, Dube Jara

AU - Borschmann, Rohan

AU - Breitborde, Nicholas J. K.

AU - Butt, Zahid A.

AU - Catala-Lopez, Ferra

AU - Ciobanu, Liliana G.

AU - Danawi, Hadi

AU - Deribew, Amare

AU - Dharmaratne, Samath D.

AU - Doyle, Kerrie E. (Aunty)

AU - Endries, Aman Yesuf

AU - Faraon, Emerito Jose Aquino

AU - Faro, Andre

AU - Farvid, Maryam S.

AU - Fekadu, Wubalem

AU - Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad

AU - Fischer, Florian

AU - Gebrehiwot, Tsegaye Tewelde

AU - Giref, Ababi Zergaw

AU - Gishu, Melkamu Dedefo

AU - Goulart, Alessandra Carvalho

AU - Habtewold, Tesfa Dejenie

AU - Hamadeh, Randah Ribhi

AU - Hambisa, Mitiku Teshome

AU - Hamidi, Samer

AU - Haro, Josep Maria

AU - Hassanvand, Mohammad Sadegh

AU - Horita, Nobuyuki

AU - Hsairi, Mohamed

AU - Huang, Hsiang

AU - Husseini, Abdullatif

AU - Jakovljevic, Mihajlo B.

AU - James, Spencer Lewis

AU - Jonas, Jost B.

AU - Kasaeian, Amir

AU - Khader, Yousef Saleh

AU - Khan, Ejaz Ahmad

AU - Khoja, Abdullah Tawfih Abdullah

AU - Khosravi, Ardeshir

AU - Khubchandani, Jagdish

AU - Kim, Daniel

AU - Kim, Yun Jin

AU - Kokubo, Yoshihiro

AU - Koyanagi, Ai

AU - Defo, Barthelemy Kuate

AU - Larson, Heidi J.

AU - Latif, Asma Abdul

AU - Lee, Paul H.

AU - Leshargie, Cheru Tesema

AU - Leung, Ricky

AU - Lo, Loon-Tzian

AU - Lunevicius, Raimundas

AU - Magdy Abd El Razek, Hassan

AU - Magdy Abd El Razek, Mohammed

AU - Majdzadeh, Reza

AU - Majeed, Azeem

AU - Malekzadeh, Reza

AU - Martinez-Raga, Jose

AU - Masoudi Farid, Habibolah

AU - Mazidi, Mohsen

AU - McGrath, John J.

AU - Memish, Ziad A.

AU - Mendoza, Walter

AU - Mengesha, Melkamu Merid

AU - Mengistie, Mubarek Abera

AU - Mezgebe, Haftay Berhane

AU - Miller, Ted R.

AU - Mitchell, Philip B.

AU - Mohammadi, Alireza

AU - Mohammed, Shafiu

AU - Makhlouf, Carla

AU - Ogbo, Felix Akpojene

AU - et al, null

PY - 2018

Y1 - 2018

N2 - Objectives: Mental disorders are among the leading causes of nonfatal burden of disease globally. Methods: We used the global burden of diseases, injuries, and risk factors study 2015 to examine the burden of mental disorders in the Eastern Mediterranean region (EMR). We defined mental disorders according to criteria proposed in the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders IV and the 10th International Classification of Diseases. Results: Mental disorders contributed to 4.7% (95% uncertainty interval (UI) 3.7-5.6%) of total disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), ranking as the ninth leading cause of disease burden. Depressive disorders and anxiety disorders were the third and ninth leading causes of nonfatal burden, respectively. Almost all countries in the EMR had higher age-standardized mental disorder DALYs rates compared to the global level, and in half of the EMR countries, observed mental disorder rates exceeded the expected values. Conclusions: The burden of mental disorders in the EMR is higher than global levels, particularly for women. To properly address this burden, EMR governments should implement nationwide quality epidemiological surveillance of mental disorders and provide adequate prevention and treatment services.

AB - Objectives: Mental disorders are among the leading causes of nonfatal burden of disease globally. Methods: We used the global burden of diseases, injuries, and risk factors study 2015 to examine the burden of mental disorders in the Eastern Mediterranean region (EMR). We defined mental disorders according to criteria proposed in the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders IV and the 10th International Classification of Diseases. Results: Mental disorders contributed to 4.7% (95% uncertainty interval (UI) 3.7-5.6%) of total disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), ranking as the ninth leading cause of disease burden. Depressive disorders and anxiety disorders were the third and ninth leading causes of nonfatal burden, respectively. Almost all countries in the EMR had higher age-standardized mental disorder DALYs rates compared to the global level, and in half of the EMR countries, observed mental disorder rates exceeded the expected values. Conclusions: The burden of mental disorders in the EMR is higher than global levels, particularly for women. To properly address this burden, EMR governments should implement nationwide quality epidemiological surveillance of mental disorders and provide adequate prevention and treatment services.

KW - Middle East

KW - anxiety disorders

KW - depression_mental

KW - health surveys

KW - mental health

UR - http://handle.westernsydney.edu.au:8081/1959.7/uws:49558

U2 - 10.1007/s00038-017-1006-1

DO - 10.1007/s00038-017-1006-1

M3 - Article

SN - 1661-8564

SN - 1661-8556

VL - 63

SP - 25

EP - 37

JO - International Journal of Public Health

JF - International Journal of Public Health

IS - Supplement 1

ER -

The burden of mental disorders in the Eastern Mediterranean region, 1990-2015 : findings from the Global Burden of Disease 2015 Study

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