TY - JOUR
T1 - The feasibility and reliability of the Test of Gross Motor Development (TGMD-3) for children with disabilities in regional Australia
T2 - a pragmatic pilot study
AU - Clutterbuck, Georgina L.
AU - Ho, Caroline
AU - Dwyer, Genevieve M.
PY - 2025
Y1 - 2025
N2 - Aims: Evaluate feasibility and preliminary inter- and intra-rater reliability of the Test of Gross Motor Development, third edition (TGMD-3) for children with disabilities in regional Australia; comparing "live" and videorecorded scoring. Methods: Three physiotherapists (one familiar with TGMD administration, two unfamiliar) completed "live" administration and scoring. Five raters (three physiotherapists, two familiar and one unfamiliar, and two unfamiliar student physiotherapists) scored video-recordings at normal and slow speed. Semi-structured interviews explored raters' experiences using the TGMD-3 for children with disabilities in a regional context, and/or scoring via videorecording. Agreement within and among raters were reported using intraclass correlation coefficients. Results: Raters agreed that TGMD-3 was feasible in terms of acceptability (mean 22.5 min scoring, slow-speed assisted accuracy), practicality (minimal resources), demand (addressed client goals), and implementation and integration into practice in regional Australia. Subscale and total scores showed good-to-excellent intra-rater (ICC = 0.73-0.99), and moderate-to-good inter-rater reliability for all but one student rater (ICC = 0.29-0.88). Filming recommendations were developed to enhance scoring. Conclusions: The TGMD-3 is feasible and has acceptable reliability when measuring high-level gross-motor performance for children with disabilities in regional Australia using live or video scoring. Modifications to criterion descriptors and more disability-targeted training, are recommended to optimize scoring consistency for this population.
AB - Aims: Evaluate feasibility and preliminary inter- and intra-rater reliability of the Test of Gross Motor Development, third edition (TGMD-3) for children with disabilities in regional Australia; comparing "live" and videorecorded scoring. Methods: Three physiotherapists (one familiar with TGMD administration, two unfamiliar) completed "live" administration and scoring. Five raters (three physiotherapists, two familiar and one unfamiliar, and two unfamiliar student physiotherapists) scored video-recordings at normal and slow speed. Semi-structured interviews explored raters' experiences using the TGMD-3 for children with disabilities in a regional context, and/or scoring via videorecording. Agreement within and among raters were reported using intraclass correlation coefficients. Results: Raters agreed that TGMD-3 was feasible in terms of acceptability (mean 22.5 min scoring, slow-speed assisted accuracy), practicality (minimal resources), demand (addressed client goals), and implementation and integration into practice in regional Australia. Subscale and total scores showed good-to-excellent intra-rater (ICC = 0.73-0.99), and moderate-to-good inter-rater reliability for all but one student rater (ICC = 0.29-0.88). Filming recommendations were developed to enhance scoring. Conclusions: The TGMD-3 is feasible and has acceptable reliability when measuring high-level gross-motor performance for children with disabilities in regional Australia using live or video scoring. Modifications to criterion descriptors and more disability-targeted training, are recommended to optimize scoring consistency for this population.
KW - Assessment
KW - children
KW - disability
KW - motor
KW - sport
KW - TGMD
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85218685250&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1080/01942638.2025.2463350
DO - 10.1080/01942638.2025.2463350
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85218685250
SN - 0194-2638
VL - 45
SP - 572
EP - 593
JO - Physical & Occupational Therapy in Pediatrics
JF - Physical & Occupational Therapy in Pediatrics
IS - 4
ER -