The spectrum of listening

Research output: Chapter in Book / Conference PaperChapter

11 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Although there is a general consensus on the need for listening in public diplomacy, a clear definition of this activity and clear parameters defining how listening should be conducted and evaluated has largely been missing. In this chapter I describe the “spectrum of listening, " a framework that makes explicit public diplomacy listening approaches, ranging from the ideal type of apophatic listening to surreptitious listening activities. In between these two extremes, there are four approaches for listening in public diplomacy: active, tactical, listening in, and background/casual listening. The spectrum brings epistemological awareness in public diplomacy listening activities, in particular in relation to social media listening. I argue that the spectrum of listening can help practitioners to rethink listening as a range of methodological options and as a representational act, rather than as a mere tool shaped and driven only by technological advancements.
Original languageEnglish
Title of host publicationRoutledge Handbook of Public Diplomacy
EditorsNancy Snow, Nicholas J. Cull
Place of PublicationU.S.
PublisherRoutledge
Pages21-29
Number of pages9
Edition2nd
ISBN (Electronic)9780429878954
ISBN (Print)9781138610866
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 2020

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