The Study of Mental and Resistance Training (SMART) study-resistance training and/or cognitive training in mild cognitive impairment: a randomized, double-blind, double-sham controlled trial

Maria A. Fiatarone Singh; Nicola Gates; Nidhi Saigal; Guy C. Wilson; Jacinda Meiklejohn; Henry Brodaty; Wei Wen; Nalin Singh; Bernhard T. Baune; Chao Suo; Michael K. Baker; Nasim Foroughi; Yi Wang; Perminder S. Sachdev; Michael Valenzuela

doi:10.1016/j.jamda.2014.09.010

The Study of Mental and Resistance Training (SMART) study-resistance training and/or cognitive training in mild cognitive impairment: a randomized, double-blind, double-sham controlled trial

Maria A. Fiatarone Singh
, Nicola Gates
, Nidhi Saigal
, Guy C. Wilson
, Jacinda Meiklejohn
, Henry Brodaty
, Wei Wen
, Nalin Singh
, Bernhard T. Baune
, Chao Suo
, Michael K. Baker
, Nasim Foroughi
, Yi Wang
, Perminder S. Sachdev
, Michael Valenzuela

The University of Sydney
Hebrew SeniorLife
Tufts University
Private Neuropsychology Practice
University of New South Wales
Prince of Wales Hospital
Royal Prince Alfred Hospital
University of Adelaide
Monash University
Australian Catholic University
University of California at San Francisco

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

318 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Background: Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) increases dementia risk with no pharmacologic treatment available. Methods: The Study of Mental and Resistance Training was a randomized, double-blind, double-sham controlled trial of adults with MCI. Participants were randomized to 2 supervised interventions: active or sham physical training (high intensity progressive resistance training vs seated calisthenics) plus active or sham cognitive training (computerized, multidomain cognitive training vs watching videos/quizzes), 2-3days/week for 6months with 18-month follow-up. Primary outcomes were global cognitive function (Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-cognitive subscale; ADAS-Cog) and functional independence (Bayer Activities of Daily Living). Secondary outcomes included executive function, memory, and speed/attention tests, and cognitive domain scores. Results: One hundred adults with MCI [70.1 (6.7) years; 68% women] were enrolled and analyzed. Resistance training significantly improved the primary outcome ADAS-Cog; [relative effect size (95% confidence interval)-0.33 (-0.73, 0.06); P<.05] at 6months and executive function (Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale Matrices; P=.016) across 18months. Normal ADAS-Cog scores occurred in 48% (24/49) after resistance training vs 27% (14/51) without resistance training [. P<.03; odds ratio (95% confidence interval) 3.50 (1.18, 10.48)]. Cognitive training only attenuated decline in Memory Domain at 6months (. P<.02). Resistance training 18-month benefit was 74% higher (. P=.02) for Executive Domain compared with combined training [z-score change=0.42 (0.22, 0.63) resistance training vs 0.11 (-0.60, 0.28) combined] and 48% higher (. P<.04) for Global Domain [z-score change=.0.45 (0.29, 0.61) resistance training vs 0.23 (0.10, 0.36) combined]. Conclusions: Resistance training significantly improved global cognitive function, with maintenance of executive and global benefits over 18months.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	873-880
Number of pages	8
Journal	Journal of the American Medical Directors Association
Volume	15
Issue number	12
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jamda.2014.09.010
Publication status	Published - Dec 2014
Externally published	Yes

Keywords

Cognitive training
Mild cognitive impairment
Resistance training

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10.1016/j.jamda.2014.09.010

Cite this

Fiatarone Singh, M. A., Gates, N., Saigal, N., Wilson, G. C., Meiklejohn, J., Brodaty, H., Wen, W., Singh, N., Baune, B. T., Suo, C., Baker, M. K., Foroughi, N., Wang, Y., Sachdev, P. S., & Valenzuela, M. (2014). The Study of Mental and Resistance Training (SMART) study-resistance training and/or cognitive training in mild cognitive impairment: a randomized, double-blind, double-sham controlled trial. Journal of the American Medical Directors Association, 15(12), 873-880. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jamda.2014.09.010

@article{694efaf971b7461aac1fbb6b904dab2c,

title = "The Study of Mental and Resistance Training (SMART) study-resistance training and/or cognitive training in mild cognitive impairment: a randomized, double-blind, double-sham controlled trial",

abstract = "Background: Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) increases dementia risk with no pharmacologic treatment available. Methods: The Study of Mental and Resistance Training was a randomized, double-blind, double-sham controlled trial of adults with MCI. Participants were randomized to 2 supervised interventions: active or sham physical training (high intensity progressive resistance training vs seated calisthenics) plus active or sham cognitive training (computerized, multidomain cognitive training vs watching videos/quizzes), 2-3days/week for 6months with 18-month follow-up. Primary outcomes were global cognitive function (Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-cognitive subscale; ADAS-Cog) and functional independence (Bayer Activities of Daily Living). Secondary outcomes included executive function, memory, and speed/attention tests, and cognitive domain scores. Results: One hundred adults with MCI [70.1 (6.7) years; 68\% women] were enrolled and analyzed. Resistance training significantly improved the primary outcome ADAS-Cog; [relative effect size (95\% confidence interval)-0.33 (-0.73, 0.06); P<.05] at 6months and executive function (Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale Matrices; P=.016) across 18months. Normal ADAS-Cog scores occurred in 48\% (24/49) after resistance training vs 27\% (14/51) without resistance training [. P<.03; odds ratio (95\% confidence interval) 3.50 (1.18, 10.48)]. Cognitive training only attenuated decline in Memory Domain at 6months (. P<.02). Resistance training 18-month benefit was 74\% higher (. P=.02) for Executive Domain compared with combined training [z-score change=0.42 (0.22, 0.63) resistance training vs 0.11 (-0.60, 0.28) combined] and 48\% higher (. P<.04) for Global Domain [z-score change=.0.45 (0.29, 0.61) resistance training vs 0.23 (0.10, 0.36) combined]. Conclusions: Resistance training significantly improved global cognitive function, with maintenance of executive and global benefits over 18months.",

keywords = "Cognitive training, Mild cognitive impairment, Resistance training",

author = "\{Fiatarone Singh\}, \{Maria A.\} and Nicola Gates and Nidhi Saigal and Wilson, \{Guy C.\} and Jacinda Meiklejohn and Henry Brodaty and Wei Wen and Nalin Singh and Baune, \{Bernhard T.\} and Chao Suo and Baker, \{Michael K.\} and Nasim Foroughi and Yi Wang and Sachdev, \{Perminder S.\} and Michael Valenzuela",

year = "2014",

month = dec,

doi = "10.1016/j.jamda.2014.09.010",

language = "English",

volume = "15",

pages = "873--880",

journal = "Journal of the American Medical Directors Association",

issn = "1525-8610",

publisher = "Elsevier Inc.",

number = "12",

}

Fiatarone Singh, MA, Gates, N, Saigal, N, Wilson, GC, Meiklejohn, J, Brodaty, H, Wen, W, Singh, N, Baune, BT, Suo, C, Baker, MK, Foroughi, N, Wang, Y, Sachdev, PS & Valenzuela, M 2014, 'The Study of Mental and Resistance Training (SMART) study-resistance training and/or cognitive training in mild cognitive impairment: a randomized, double-blind, double-sham controlled trial', Journal of the American Medical Directors Association, vol. 15, no. 12, pp. 873-880. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jamda.2014.09.010

The Study of Mental and Resistance Training (SMART) study-resistance training and/or cognitive training in mild cognitive impairment: a randomized, double-blind, double-sham controlled trial. / Fiatarone Singh, Maria A.; Gates, Nicola; Saigal, Nidhi et al.
In: Journal of the American Medical Directors Association, Vol. 15, No. 12, 12.2014, p. 873-880.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

TY - JOUR

T1 - The Study of Mental and Resistance Training (SMART) study-resistance training and/or cognitive training in mild cognitive impairment

T2 - a randomized, double-blind, double-sham controlled trial

AU - Fiatarone Singh, Maria A.

AU - Gates, Nicola

AU - Saigal, Nidhi

AU - Wilson, Guy C.

AU - Meiklejohn, Jacinda

AU - Brodaty, Henry

AU - Wen, Wei

AU - Singh, Nalin

AU - Baune, Bernhard T.

AU - Suo, Chao

AU - Baker, Michael K.

AU - Foroughi, Nasim

AU - Wang, Yi

AU - Sachdev, Perminder S.

AU - Valenzuela, Michael

PY - 2014/12

Y1 - 2014/12

N2 - Background: Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) increases dementia risk with no pharmacologic treatment available. Methods: The Study of Mental and Resistance Training was a randomized, double-blind, double-sham controlled trial of adults with MCI. Participants were randomized to 2 supervised interventions: active or sham physical training (high intensity progressive resistance training vs seated calisthenics) plus active or sham cognitive training (computerized, multidomain cognitive training vs watching videos/quizzes), 2-3days/week for 6months with 18-month follow-up. Primary outcomes were global cognitive function (Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-cognitive subscale; ADAS-Cog) and functional independence (Bayer Activities of Daily Living). Secondary outcomes included executive function, memory, and speed/attention tests, and cognitive domain scores. Results: One hundred adults with MCI [70.1 (6.7) years; 68% women] were enrolled and analyzed. Resistance training significantly improved the primary outcome ADAS-Cog; [relative effect size (95% confidence interval)-0.33 (-0.73, 0.06); P<.05] at 6months and executive function (Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale Matrices; P=.016) across 18months. Normal ADAS-Cog scores occurred in 48% (24/49) after resistance training vs 27% (14/51) without resistance training [. P<.03; odds ratio (95% confidence interval) 3.50 (1.18, 10.48)]. Cognitive training only attenuated decline in Memory Domain at 6months (. P<.02). Resistance training 18-month benefit was 74% higher (. P=.02) for Executive Domain compared with combined training [z-score change=0.42 (0.22, 0.63) resistance training vs 0.11 (-0.60, 0.28) combined] and 48% higher (. P<.04) for Global Domain [z-score change=.0.45 (0.29, 0.61) resistance training vs 0.23 (0.10, 0.36) combined]. Conclusions: Resistance training significantly improved global cognitive function, with maintenance of executive and global benefits over 18months.

AB - Background: Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) increases dementia risk with no pharmacologic treatment available. Methods: The Study of Mental and Resistance Training was a randomized, double-blind, double-sham controlled trial of adults with MCI. Participants were randomized to 2 supervised interventions: active or sham physical training (high intensity progressive resistance training vs seated calisthenics) plus active or sham cognitive training (computerized, multidomain cognitive training vs watching videos/quizzes), 2-3days/week for 6months with 18-month follow-up. Primary outcomes were global cognitive function (Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-cognitive subscale; ADAS-Cog) and functional independence (Bayer Activities of Daily Living). Secondary outcomes included executive function, memory, and speed/attention tests, and cognitive domain scores. Results: One hundred adults with MCI [70.1 (6.7) years; 68% women] were enrolled and analyzed. Resistance training significantly improved the primary outcome ADAS-Cog; [relative effect size (95% confidence interval)-0.33 (-0.73, 0.06); P<.05] at 6months and executive function (Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale Matrices; P=.016) across 18months. Normal ADAS-Cog scores occurred in 48% (24/49) after resistance training vs 27% (14/51) without resistance training [. P<.03; odds ratio (95% confidence interval) 3.50 (1.18, 10.48)]. Cognitive training only attenuated decline in Memory Domain at 6months (. P<.02). Resistance training 18-month benefit was 74% higher (. P=.02) for Executive Domain compared with combined training [z-score change=0.42 (0.22, 0.63) resistance training vs 0.11 (-0.60, 0.28) combined] and 48% higher (. P<.04) for Global Domain [z-score change=.0.45 (0.29, 0.61) resistance training vs 0.23 (0.10, 0.36) combined]. Conclusions: Resistance training significantly improved global cognitive function, with maintenance of executive and global benefits over 18months.

KW - Cognitive training

KW - Mild cognitive impairment

KW - Resistance training

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/84912142876

UR - https://ezproxy.uws.edu.au/login?url=https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jamda.2014.09.010

U2 - 10.1016/j.jamda.2014.09.010

DO - 10.1016/j.jamda.2014.09.010

M3 - Article

C2 - 25444575

AN - SCOPUS:84912142876

SN - 1525-8610

VL - 15

SP - 873

EP - 880

JO - Journal of the American Medical Directors Association

JF - Journal of the American Medical Directors Association

IS - 12

ER -

Fiatarone Singh MA, Gates N, Saigal N, Wilson GC, Meiklejohn J, Brodaty H et al. The Study of Mental and Resistance Training (SMART) study-resistance training and/or cognitive training in mild cognitive impairment: a randomized, double-blind, double-sham controlled trial. Journal of the American Medical Directors Association. 2014 Dec;15(12):873-880. doi: 10.1016/j.jamda.2014.09.010

The Study of Mental and Resistance Training (SMART) study-resistance training and/or cognitive training in mild cognitive impairment: a randomized, double-blind, double-sham controlled trial

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