Tourism and islandscapes: cultural realignment, social-ecological resilience and change

If, as according to Robin,'islands are idealised ecological worlds, the Edens of a fallen planet' (2015: online), the rationale underpinning tourism expansion should acknowledge MacLeod's (2013) notion of 'cultural realignment' that calls for optimal and resilient encounters. This chapter acts as a bridge toward the development of emergent themes that describe how island peoples adapt and respond in localised cultural islandscapes as a consequence of tourism expansion. The links between cultural alignment and social-ecological resilience are clear and the principal and overarching question posed asks: To what extent are islandscapes resilient to rapidly changing utilities, significances and ways of life wrought by tourism expansion? The vulnerability-resilience duality remains firmly entrenched in the discourse on islands where tourism has become prominent, and although tourism provides some resiliency, overall, islandscapes remain subject to externally driven fast and slow change that exercises an overwhelming influence. Islander agency will likely remain subject to the fluctuations in the demands of the tourism supply chain. Therefore, tourism as a standalone focus of islands is a high-risk proposition, especially in contexts where externally driven change is likely to intensify.