Towards achieving a net zero carbon building : a review of key stakeholders and their roles in net zero carbon building whole life cycle

The building sector is known to be a major emitter of global greenhouse gases. Given that, the total carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from a building account for about 38 % and 35 % of energy consumption globally. As a result, the stakeholder's partnership has been acknowledged as a promising pathway towards achieving a net zero carbon building whole life cycle. Stakeholders are involved directly or indirectly in every stage of the net zero carbon building life cycle. However, the identification of the key stakeholders in each stage of the net zero carbon building life cycle is multifaceted and has been under-explored. This paper aims to systematically explore the key net zero carbon building stakeholders in each life cycle stage and further identify the respective roles of these stakeholders in the whole life cycle of net zero carbon building. A systematic review was conducted on forty 40 articles obtained from Scopus. Results obtained from this study revealed five (5) stages of net zero carbon building whole life cycle which include preconstruction, construction, operation and maintenance, demolition, and reuse stage. Nine (9) groups of key stakeholders were identified across the net zero carbon building whole life cycle. Furthermore, forty-seven (47) roles of net zero carbon building stakeholders were also identified in this study. The study findings could guide the policymakers, researchers, and non-organizations in prioritizing the key stakeholders in the formation of net zero carbon building policies. In addition, the study serves as a basis for further research on stakeholders' analysis in net zero carbon building.