Trends of mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure among adults in Shenzhen, China, 1997–2018 : findings from three rounds of the population-based survey

K. Peng, W. Cai, X. Liu, Y. Liu, M. Ouyang, J. Gong, Z. Wang, Y. Wang, J. Hao, W. Wang, H. Zhao, K. Lin, G. Han, Y. Shi, Y. Xie, Y. Xie, L. Lei, Lei Si

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Abstract

Objective To quantify the trends in systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP) among adults in Shenzhen from 1997 to 2018. Design Cross-sectional study. Settings The data were collected from all districts in Shenzhen, China in the years of 1997, 2009 and 2018 by multistage cluster sampling procedure. Participants Participants were residents aged 18–69 years in Shenzhen, China. A total of 26 621 people were included: 8266 people in 1997, 8599 people in 2009 and 9756 people in 2018. Primary and secondary outcome measures All participants were surveyed about their sociodemographic and lifestyle information. BP was measured by trained physicians using a mercury sphygmomanometer. Hypertension was defined as systolic BP of at least 140 mm Hg and diastolic BP of at least 90 mm Hg, self-reported use of antihypertensive medications or both. Hypertension control was defined as systolic BP values of less than 140 mm Hg and diastolic BP values of less than 90 mm Hg. Result Age-adjusted mean systolic BP increased from 117±16 mm Hg to 123±15 mm Hg (p<0.001) in males, and from 113±18 mm Hg to 115±16 mm Hg (p<0.001) in females from 1997 to 2018. Diastolic BP among males increased from 75 mm Hg (SD=11) to 79 mm Hg (SD=11) and increased from 71 mm Hg (SD=10) to 73 mm Hg (SD=10) among females between 1997 and 2018 (p<0.001). Rate of hypertension rose rapidly from 17.71% (95% CI: 16.60% to 18.90%) in 2009 to 24.01% (95% CI: 22.84% to 25.22%) in 2018 among males (p<0.001), whereas the prevalence among females remained stable at around 13.5% (p=0.98). Both awareness and treatment rates of hypertension among males and females showed a decreased trend between 2009 and 2018, while no significant changes were observed for control rates. Conclusions The mean systolic BP and diastolic BP among adults in Shenzhen increased from 1997 to 2018, and no improvements in hypertension awareness, treatment and control rates were found.

Original languageEnglish
Article numbere074575
Number of pages11
JournalBMJ Open
Volume14
Issue number2
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 10 Feb 2024

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© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2024. This is an open access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited, appropriate credit is given, any changes made indicated, and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/.

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