Abstract
The ancestor of Chinese triad society in Hung Mun, which was originally a loyal and righteous society. It was a secret society whose members, bound by oaths of blood brotherhood, were pledged to restore the ancient Empire, the Chinese Ming Dynasty, to the throne by over-throwing the foreign conqueror, the Munchow Qing Dynasty. Being a massive and highly coordinated political and military organization, it had a clear structure of commanders, officers, rank and file, and followers. Its members were all brave heroes rather than groups of criminals or vandals. Since China became a Republic in 911, such loyal and patriotic nature had gradually diminished, leading to the disintegration of Hung Mun into dozens of separate triad societies engaging in criminal activities.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Title of host publication | Encyclopedia of Criminology and Criminal Justice |
| Editors | Gerben Bruinsma, David Weisburd |
| Place of Publication | U.S. |
| Publisher | Springer |
| Pages | 5332-5343 |
| Number of pages | 12 |
| ISBN (Electronic) | 9781461456902 |
| ISBN (Print) | 9781461456896 |
| Publication status | Published - 2014 |
Keywords
- triads (organized crime)
