Understanding behavioral diversity of onsite employees in international projects, integrated simulation approach

![CDATA[It is common to recruit multinational and multicultural labors in international projects. Diversity of labors not only exert influences on their behaviors but also on project performances, which however is hard to monitor and control given the dynamic and complex nature of onsite production. This paper combines System Dynamics and Agent Based Model to propose a hybrid simulation approach to gain better understand of behavior diversity, reveals its associated impacts and finally improves project management level. The paper first establishes the framework of the approach based on solid background knowledge review. Then, methods to quantify the framework is introduced. Finally, the proposed framework is applied in a real case study, aiming to explain the existing deviations and test its validity. It turns out that inadequate consideration of labor diversity will result in overestimation of labor production, which in turn leads to severe schedule overrun. Therefore management teams of international projects should bring labor diversity issue to the forefront and incorporate it into the development of construction plans.]]