Unlocking proenvironmental behaviour: a scoping review of green human resource management and organisational citizenship behaviour for the environment through the ability–motivation–opportunity lens

Despite accelerating interest in green human resource management (GHRM) and its connection to organisational citizenship behaviour for the environment (OCBE), the field remains theoretically fragmented. This scoping review synthesises 12 empirical studies anchored in the ability–motivation–opportunity (AMO) framework. The synthesis yields a primary theoretical contribution: a dynamic, multilevel model that clarifies how GHRM practices shape OCBE through psychological and organisational mediators, including employee empowerment and absorptive capacity, while delineating boundary conditions such as individual green values. The model positions OCBE as both a proximal outcome of GHRM and, in some contexts, a mediating process linking GHRM to environmental performance. By reframing the GHRM–OCBE relationship as a dynamic capability for environmental sustainability, the review moves beyond descriptive mapping to offer an integrative framework that can guide rigorous theory building and context-sensitive practice. It also foregrounds a research agenda that probes contingencies and mechanisms to strengthen causal inference, improve cross-context generalisability and integrate complementary theoretical perspectives.