Unraveling the significance of fecal microRNA profile in Alzheimer’s disease

Alzheimer’s disease (AD), a complex neurodegenerative disorder characterised by progressive cognitive decline, affects millions globally. With no current cure, treatment focuses on symptom management and slowing disease progression. Early identification is therefore crucial. Fecal microRNA (miRNA) analysis is emerging as a promising non-invasive diagnostic tool. Evidence suggests that miRNAs present in fecal samples may regulate gene expression linked to AD pathology, impacting cellular functions and disease progression. Dietary factors critically influence gut microbiota composition and diversity, affecting brain health via the gut brain axis. Macronutrients such as carbohydrates, proteins, and fats modulate miRNA expression and gut microbiota, influencing AD risk. High-fat diets can increase inflammation and contribute to AD. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of how diet-modulated fecal miRNAs and gut microbiota interplay may serve as novel, non-invasive indicators for early detection and intervention strategies in AD.