An evaluation of field-portable Raman and infrared spectrometers for the in situ analysis of materials that are encountered at environmental pollution incidents

Abstract

Traditionally, environmental pollutants are sampled in the field and are subsequently analysed via laboratory-based analytical instruments. This is a time-consuming process that delays the identification of potentially hazardous materials that may be detrimental to the health of investigators, the general public and the environment. It also means that, currently, no or very limited information about a material is available to field-investigators. It was, therefore, necessary to develop new intelligence-led forensic protocols, whereby, materials are immediately identified in situ (at least in a preliminary fashion). This project aimed to determine if field-portable Raman and FTIR spectrometers were a viable option for the rapid in situ identification of pollutants, and if so, to what extent they could be applied. To achieve this, each portable spectrometer was evaluated and optimised to analyse a range of materials that are encountered at pollution incidents. For the Raman spectrometer, a number of parameters that affect the quality of a generated spectrum could be altered. Whilst a universally applicable set of optimal Raman operating parameters does not exist, a recommended starting point for analysis was established. When employed, this parameter set produces the highest-quality spectra for most samples. The findings of this project also resulted in the development of a 'Standard Operating Procedure' (SOP) for each portable instrument. The SOPs will provide investigators with an intelligence-led protocol for the rapid identification of pollutants at an incident scene. The SOPs can also improve on-site sampling practices and help direct any subsequent laboratory analyses. The employment of these portable spectrometers will also enable the most appropriate site clean-up method to be chosen and implemented in a timelier, more cost-efficient manner. Ultimately, it is hoped that the results described in this study will provide a strong basis for future research on portable Raman and FTIR spectrometers, and their applicability at environmental pollution incidents in Australia and beyond.

Date of Award	2019
Original language	English