Application of 3D printing in post mortem reconstruction

Abstract

The purpose of this research was to examine current materials and techniques of reconstruction, particularly after post-mortem examination, and investigate protocols and devices to advance reconstruction materials and techniques, particularly in the reconstruction of paediatric skulls. The research illustrates the importance of reconstruction on post mortem outcomes and considers the impact on family members, and describes the current lack of standard approaches to reconstruction in industry and in the literature.

The aim of the project was to investigate whether additively manufactured (3D printed) models and supporting devices of the cranial region (such as a ‘scaffold device’), are a viable alternative to current reconstruction techniques, in addition to potentially improving outcomes for families, in both paediatric and adult cases. Current reconstruction materials and methods used across Australia and New Zealand mortuaries were assessed by way of a professional-practice survey to determine if there was a need for more contemporary methods. CT imaging data sets of infants from 2 age groups (<1 month old and <1 year old) were used to assist in the scaffold design of two 3D printed prototypes printed using two different plastic types (poly lactic acid (PLA) and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS)) for reconstruction of crania in paediatric post mortems. The viability of 3D printed structures to aid in the reconstruction of adult crania after brain removal was also assessed.

The results of this research indicate that 3D printed models can be generated relatively quickly, have potential to provide a more stable cranial reconstruction technique in both infants and adults. Of the 2 infant prototypes, the ‘Band system’ using ABS plastic was determined to be the most user-friendly as the design was generic enough to be used in children of any age. The 3D printed skull clip design using PLA plastic for adult cranial reconstruction was cheap and efficient, improving completion time and aesthetics.

The results of this study demonstrate that 3D printing has potential to improve post mortem reconstruction outcomes in the discipline of Forensic Medicine, and should be considered as a standard approach to cranial reconstruction, particularly in infants.

Date of Award	2024
Original language	English
Awarding Institution	Western Sydney University
Supervisor	Hayley Green (Supervisor), Peter Shortland (Supervisor), Bernie I'ons (Supervisor) & Steven Harvey (Supervisor)