Effects on human prostate cancer biomarkers of progression : the phytochemical cereal pilot

Abstract

Global prostate cancer (PC) is the second most frequent male cancer with an estimated 1.1 million new cases per annum (2012), representing 15% of all male cancers, but 7% of all male cancer deaths. For a disease with increasing risk from 55 years old, PC accounts for 30% of all cancer deaths 5-20 years following diagnosis. With odds of developing PC increasing with age, slowing the rate of disease progression may delay and/or dismiss the negative consequences of metastatic disease. However, regions present the disease of PC uniquely. Asian mortality rates may be disproportionally low due to minimal screening and diagnosis rates. The Mediterranean zone's incidence and mortality is midway between Asia and Western men. In contrast, elevated PC incidence rates of Western men (early interventions and on-going medical monitoring) elevate detection rates and reduce PC mortality. Worldwide rates of PC vary by more that 25-fold between low incidence Japan, to countries such as Australia, where projected 2020 incidence rates are predicted to rise to 25,000/year. To date, genetics only contributes 5% of males affected by PC. Migrant studies from Japan to the USA point to environmental factors (diet, exercise and sleep), as PC risks equals North American risk within a generation. Regional folklore inspired plant-based remedies often contain biologically active plant phytochemicals. These compounds show protective anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant capacity in human tissue. When a plant-based diet is consumed, and phytochemicals survive the digestive process, then phytochemicals function to prevent and contain cancer cells, repair human cells and activate the immune system.

Date of Award	2017
Original language	English